GAMBHARI (Fruit)
Gambhari consists of dried fruit of Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Fam. Verbenaceae), an unarmed tree, found scattered in deciduous forests throughout the greater part of the country upto an altitude of 500 m, planted in gardens and also as an avenue tree.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Kasmari, Kasmarya, Pitakarohini, Sriparni, Bhadraparni
Assamese : Gomari
Bengali : Gamargachha, Gambar
English : —
Gujrati : Seevan
Hindi : Gambhari
Kannada : Seevani, Shivani, Hannu
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Kumbil, Kumizhu
Marathi : Sivan
Oriya : Gambhari, Bhodroparnni
Punjabi : Khambhari
Tamil : Perunkurmizh, Komizhpazham
Telugu : Gumaditeku
Urdu : Gambhari
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Fruit – A drupe, ovoid, crinkled, black, 1.5-2.0 cm long, sometimes with portion of attached pedicel, two seeded, sometimes one seeded; taste, sweetish sour.
Seed – Seed ovate, 0.5-1 cm long, 0.4-0.6 cm wide, light yellow, surface smooth, seed coat thin, papery; taste, oily.
b) Microscopic
Fruit – Shows pericarp differentiated into single layered epicarp, multilayered, fleshy mesocarp, hard and stony endocarp: epicarp consisting of single layered, thin-walled cells; mesocarp a wide zone consisting of isodiametric, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells; endocarp consisting of multilayered sclerenchymatous cells.
Seed – Shows outer integument consisting of 3-5 rows of crushed, parenchymatous cells followed by inner integument consisting of 2-3 rows of thin-walled, tangentially elongated, parenchymatous cells; cotyledons consisting of single layered, radially elongated epidermal cells; mesophyll consisting of thin-walled cells, filled with oil globules and aleurone grains.
Powder – Blackish-brown; shows stone cells, oil globules and aleurone grains.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 6 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 0.4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 25 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract of the drug on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Chloroform :
Methanol (4 : 1) shows one spot at Rf. 0.98 (yellow) in visible light. Under U.V. (366 nm) five fluorescent zones appear at Rf. 0.03, 0.12, 0.22, 0.94 and 0.98 (all blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour eight spots appear at Rf. 0.03, 0.08, 0.18, 0.26, 0.42, 0.52, 0.93 and 0.98 (all yellow). On spraying with Dragendorff reagent followed by 5% Ethanolic -Sulphuric acid reagent one spot appears at Rf. 0.98 (orange).
CONSTITUENTS – Butyric acid, Tartaric acid, Alkaloid, Resin and Saccharine.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Amla, Kasaya
Guna : Guru, Sara, Snigdha
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Sukrala, Hrdya, Kesya, Medhya, Pittahara, Rasayana, Vatahara, Brmhana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Arvindasava, Draksadi Kvatha Curna.
THERAPEUTIC USES – Daha, Hrdroga., Ksata, Ksaya, Mutrakrcchra, Trsna, Rakta Pitta
DOSE – 1-3 g. of the drug in powder form.
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